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India Begins World's Largest Population Census After Decade-Long Delay

India has commenced its long-delayed national population census, the world's largest count, which could reshape welfare programs and political representation across the country with the population now estimated at over 1.4 billion.

Key Points

  • India begins world's largest population census after 10-year delay
  • Previous 2011 census recorded 1.21 billion; current estimate exceeds 1.4 billion
  • Census data will reshape welfare programs and political representation
  • Results will guide policy decisions for the next decade

Full Details

India has begun the world's largest national population count on April 1, 2026, after a decade-long delay. The previous census in 2011 recorded a population of 1.21 billion, and the current population is estimated to be more than 1.4 billion, making India the most populous nation globally. This massive enumeration exercise will collect comprehensive data on demographics, socioeconomic conditions, housing, and literacy across the country's vast and diverse population. The census results will be crucial for reshaping welfare programs, determining political representation, and guiding policy decisions for the next decade. The exercise faces significant logistical challenges given India's geographic diversity and population size, with enumerators deployed across urban and rural areas including in remote regions and sensitive areas like Kashmir.

Why It Matters

Census data will determine seat allocation for Parliament and state legislatures, potentially affecting political power dynamics, and guide trillion-dollar welfare spending decisions.

Sourcewashingtonpost.com

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